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Maurits Cornelis Escher (; 17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972) was a Dutch graphic artist who made mathematically inspired woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints. Early in his career he drew inspiration from nature, making studies of insects, landscapes, and plants such as lichens, all of which he reused as details in his artworks. He travelled in Italy and Spain, sketching buildings, townscapes, architecture and the tilings of the Alhambra and La Mezquita, Cordoba, and became steadily more interested in their mathematical structure. His work features mathematical objects and operations including impossible objects, explorations of infinity, reflection, symmetry, perspective, truncated and stellated polyhedra, hyperbolic geometry, and tessellations. Although Escher considered that he had no mathematical ability, he both interacted with the practising mathematicians George Pólya, Roger Penrose, and Harold Coxeter, read mathematical papers by these authors and by the crystallographer Friedrich Haag, and conducted his own mathematical research into tessellation. Escher's art became popular, both among scientists and mathematicians, and in popular culture. Apart from being used in a variety of technical papers, his work has appeared on the covers of many books and albums. He featured as one of the major inspirations of Douglas Hofstadter's 1979 book ''Gödel, Escher, Bach''. ==Early life== Maurits Cornelis Escher was born on 17 June 1898 in Leeuwarden, Friesland, in a house that forms part of the Princessehof Ceramics Museum today. He was the youngest son of civil engineer George Arnold Escher and his second wife, Sara Gleichman. In 1903, the family moved to Arnhem, where he attended primary and secondary school until 1918.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.worldofescher.com/reading/cronbib1.html )〕 Known to his friends and family as "Mauk", he was a sickly child, and was placed in a special school at the age of seven; he failed the second grade. Although he excelled at drawing, his grades were generally poor. He also took carpentry and piano lessons until he was thirteen years old.〔 In 1918, he went to the Technical College of Delft.〔 From 1919 to 1922, Escher attended the Haarlem School of Architecture and Decorative Arts, learning drawing and the art of making woodcuts.〔 He briefly studied architecture, but he failed a number of subjects (partly due to a persistent skin infection) and switched to decorative arts,〔 studying under the graphic artist Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita.〔Locher, 1974. p. 5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「M. C. Escher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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